Hot-finished
/glossary/hot-finishedSeamless pipe or tube pierced from a heated billet and sized while the steel is still hot.
Hot-finished seamless pipe is pierced and sized while the steel is hot. The seamless-tube hub on this site places the mother-hollow pierce near 1200 °C. Panki fabricators, about 12 km from Bartan Bazar, take hot-finished SA210 and SA192 for sugar-mill boilers. ASTM A213/A213M-25 lets the buyer name hot finished or cold finished; TP347HFG must be cold finished. Write that finish on the RFQ.
In detail
Hot-finished seamless product is formed from a heated round billet, pierced over a plug, then rolled and sized while hot. Site process copy places that pierce near 1200 °C. ASTM A213/A213M-25 requires seamless tubes to be hot finished or cold finished as specified; Grade TP347HFG shall be cold finished. The A213 abstract keeps heat treatment off the pierce heat. SA179 is cold-drawn only. SA210 tubes are marked hot-finished or cold-finished. Do not apply one OD or wall percentage across products.
What hot-finished is, and what it is not
Hot-finished seamless starts as a round billet heated into the austenitic range. A piercer plug opens the centre. Rolling stands then reduce wall and grow length. Final sizing happens while the tube is still hot. The seamless-tube hub on this site calls that first hollow a mother hollow at about 1200 °C.
ASTM A213/A213M-25 public abstract: tubes shall be made by the seamless process and shall be either hot finished or cold finished, as specified. Grade TP347HFG shall be cold finished. The same abstract keeps heat treatment off the pierce heat: ferritic alloy and ferritic stainless grades are reheated, and austenitic stainless is supplied already heat-treated.
ASTM A210/A210M-26 covers minimum-wall seamless medium-carbon boiler and superheater tubes, Grades A-1 and C. Those tubes are marked hot-finished or cold-finished. ASTM A179/A179M-24 is seamless cold-drawn low-carbon heat-exchanger tube. A hot-finished offer cannot satisfy A179.
ASTM A106/A106M-26 covers seamless carbon steel pipe for high-temperature service in NPS 1/8 to NPS 48 with nominal average wall as in ASME B36.10M. The public scope does not lock hot-finished or cold-finished, so the purchase line must state the finish. SA192 public scope likewise does not impose a finish restriction.
Hot-finished is not ERW. It is not a tolerance class. It is not mill scale as a specified roughness. It is not automatic IBR approval. Scale, pickling, and heat treatment are separate order lines.
Who should order hot-finished, and who should order cold-drawn
Order hot-finished when the named standard accepts that finish and the drawing tolerances fit a hot-sized envelope. Panki and UP sugar-mill boilers do this on SA192 and SA210. Structural shops order hot-finished welded or hot-finished seamless under IS 1161 when the BIS product manual route is HFW or HFS.
Order cold-drawn when the specification demands it, as with SA179, or when a Dada Nagar barrel needs the starting OD/ID of DIN 2391 / EN 10305. Printing-cylinder shells that will be bored also start from a cold-drawn or CDW hollow, not from a scaled boiler tube.
PWD, JJM, fire, and borewell buyers should stay on IS 1239, IS 3589, or the casing standard. A hot-finished seamless stamp does not replace Medium class or Heavy GI. Conversely, a hydraulic shop should not buy a general A106 schedule pipe and hope to hone it into H8.
Neither finish is a quality ranking. A compliant hot-finished SA210 tube is the correct product for that drawing. A bright cold-drawn tube is the wrong product if the drawing says hot-finished SA210. Process and standard travel as one line.
Which standard allows which finish
The routing table below restates the seamless-cluster map so a Kanpur RFQ names standard and finish together. As-of date for the ASTM abstracts is the store listings already used on this site (A213/A213M-25, A210/A210M-26, A179/A179M-24, A106/A106M-26).
| Standard | Product form | Finish the public scope allows | Typical Kanpur use |
|---|---|---|---|
| SA179 / A179 | Tube, OD × min wall | Cold-drawn only | Heat exchangers, condensers |
| SA192 / A192 | Boiler tube, OD × min wall | Seamless; finish as specified | Stationary boiler parts |
| SA210 A1 / C | Boiler tube, OD × min wall | Hot-finished or cold-finished | Water walls, generating banks |
| SA213 T11 / T22 | Alloy boiler tube | Hot finished or cold finished; TP347HFG cold finished | Superheaters, reheaters |
| A106 / SA106 | Pipe, NPS × schedule | Seamless; finish as specified | High-temperature process lines |
| IS 1161 | Structural CHS | HFW, HFS, CFS, ERW, HFIW | Columns, trusses, frames |
The BIS product manual for IS 1161:2014 names hot-finished welded, hot-finished seamless, cold-finished seamless, electric-resistance welded, and high-frequency induction welded routes. Write the route the structural drawing wants. A water-class ERW tube is still IS 1239, not IS 1161, even if both were hot-sized.
How to specify hot-finished on an RFQ
Write the finish next to the standard. "Seamless boiler tube" without hot-finished or cold-finished is how a Panki shop receives the wrong surface and the wrong tolerance class table.
- Standard and grade: SA192, SA210 A1 or C, SA213 T11 or T22, or A106 Grade B.
- Finish: hot-finished, or cold-finished, as the drawing allows. TP347HFG: cold-finished only.
- Size: OD × minimum wall for tubes; NPS × schedule for A106. Length band: SRL 4-7 m or DRL 7-14 m, else a named cut.
- Heat treatment: the delivery condition follows the drawing and the ASTM A213/A213M-25 order for ferritic T11/T12/T22 (normalized and tempered, or as specified); cycle on the MTC. Heat treatment is not the pierce heat.
- Surface: mill scale acceptable, pickled, or blasted. Say which. Ends: plain or bevel.
- Tests: tension, flattening, flaring or bend, hardness, hydrostatic or NDE, as the named ASTM abstract requires.
- Documents: EN 10204 3.1 MTC; Form III-B if the line is an IBR tube; Form III-C only for a mounting or fitting.
- Inspection: TPI by SGS, Bureau Veritas, Lloyds, or TUV when the ITP names the agency.
- Delivery: ex-warehouse Kanpur. GST 18% extra. Quantity in metres and MT.
Worked mass check for 2 inch Sch 40 A106
Theoretical plain-end mass uses W = (OD − t) × t × 0.02466 kg/m once on this page. The process name does not change the constant.
The schedule chart gives 2 inch NPS as OD 60.3 mm and Sch 40 wall 3.91 mm. W = (60.3 − 3.91) × 3.91 × 0.02466 = 56.39 × 3.91 × 0.02466 = 5.44 kg/m. A 6 m length is 32.6 kg.
The seamless price list band for 2 inch NPS Sch 40 is ₹80-98 per kg ex-warehouse Kanpur as of 24 May 2026. That 6 m pipe is 32.6 × 80 = ₹2,608 to 32.6 × 98 = ₹3,195 before GST and freight. Hot-finished versus cold-finished is a finish line on that indent, not a second kg/m.
Sch 80 at the same OD is 5.54 mm wall and 7.48 kg/m on the same chart. Write the millimetre wall next to Sch 40 so the mill cannot ship 3.6 mm Medium ERW under a seamless nickname. Pressure still follows size, wall, allowable stress, and the design code.
Common mistakes with hot-finished orders
In practice, a buyer writes CDS pipe and receives a hot-finished A106 because the yard had scale-covered carbon. SA179 cannot be filled that way. Name A179 and cold-drawn, or name A106 and the finish.
A second failure is treating mill scale as a reject on a hot-finished SA210 tube. The A213 abstract requires ferritic hot-finished tubes to be free of loose scale, not bright. Pickling is an extra line if the drawing wants it.
A third failure is skipping heat treatment because the tube was already hot. A213 says heat treatment is separate from heating for hot forming. The delivery condition for ferritic T11 and T22 follows the drawing and the order (normalized and tempered, or as ASTM A213/A213M-25 specifies). The pierce heat is not that cycle.
A fourth failure is ordering hot-finished SA179. The A179 abstract requires cold-drawn. Refuse the swap.
A fifth failure is using a hot-finished OD as an H8 starting stock without cleanup allowance. Skiving or honing removes metal. Design on remaining wall, not on the mother-tube nominal.
Standards that define the finish
ASTM A213/A213M-25 is the store listing this site uses for SA213. Usual furnished size on public scope 1.3 is 3.2 mm ID to 127 mm OD, wall 0.4 to 12.7 mm minimum, or average wall if the order says so. Process language is hot finished or cold finished as specified.
ASTM A210/A210M-26 marks tubes hot-finished or cold-finished. ASTM A192/A192M is minimum-wall carbon boiler tube; the public scope used on this site does not mandate a finish. ASTM A106/A106M-26 is NPS pipe with ASME B36.10M walls. ASTM A179/A179M-24 is cold-drawn only.
The BIS product manual for IS 1161:2014 (PM/IS 1161) is the public certification reference that lists HFW, HFS, CFS, ERW, and HFIW. IS 1239 Part 1:2004 remains the water and gas tube standard and is not a hot-finished boiler spec.
The IBR forms index maps steam pipes to III-A, tubes to III-B, and mountings and fittings to III-C. A hot-finished stamp on the MTC does not pick the form. The component does.
Buying hot-finished tube from Kanpur
Panki, about 12 km from the Bartan Bazar yard, is the local boiler-fab cluster. Shops there cut and bend hot-finished SA192 and SA210 against IBR drawings. Jajmau, about 10 km away, uses lower-pressure steam on hide-processing lines and stays on carbon boiler tube more than on T22.
The largest off-city stream is the sugar belt. Those mills buy SA210 Gr A1 in water-wall sizes and step to SA213 T11 on superheater sections. Mill-direct alloy on the lead-time entry is 21-30 days. Carbon mill-direct is 14-21 days. Stock carbon, when it is actually on the rack, is 3-7 days.
See hot-finished vs cold-drawn, seamless boiler tubes in Kanpur, seamless pipes in Kanpur, and steel pipes in Kanpur. Lucknow buyers use the same ex-warehouse origin. Offers are ex-warehouse Kanpur, GST 18% extra.
The boiler tube price list tabulates carbon sizes; SA213 T11/T22 is indent. The seamless pipe price list holds the A106 Sch 40/80/160 bands dated 24 May 2026. Do not apply a carbon ₹/kg band to T22.
Mill scale, pickling, and later machining
Hot sizing leaves oxide. The ordered surface line decides if that oxide is acceptable. Loose scale on an A213 ferritic hot-finished tube is a reject under the abstract. Tight mill scale on a structural IS 1161 member may be acceptable if the drawing will paint over it.
Pickling, blasting, or machining are paid operations. A Dada Nagar shop that will hone the bore should state the cleanup allowance so the hot-finished mother hollow still has wall after the cut. A bright cold-drawn start may waste less metal. Compare both quotes on finished-part yield, not on ₹/kg alone.
Coating after hot finishing is a second specification. Phosphate plus oil is a precision-tube storage finish. Hot-dip zinc, where IS 4736 applies, uses the amended minimum average zinc mass of 360 g/m². Do not galvanise a finished honed bore.
Straightness, ovality, and end-hook from hot stretching matter on long boiler lengths. Ask the dimensional report to state those readings. An MTC 3.1 proves chemistry. It does not prove the tube will enter a 6 m furnace without a bow.
Hot forming versus heat treatment
Heating for piercing is a manufacturing step. Heat treatment is a specified cycle after that step. A213 separates them in the public abstract. Do not let a mill write "as hot-finished" in the heat-treatment box when the drawing and order call for normalize and temper.
Ferritic T11 and T22 on this site use yield 205 MPa min, tensile 415 MPa min, elongation 30% min. Those mechanicals sit on the SA213 standard page. The MTC must show the cycle that produced them.
Austenitic SA213 grades are furnished heat-treated. The abstract allows an alternative quench from the hot-forming temperature if that temperature is not below the minimum solution temperature. Write which route the drawing wants.
SA210 marking is hot-finished or cold-finished. That mark is the process, not the PWHT of a later site weld. The WPS for a Panki header weld is a different document.
Hot-finished versus cold-drawn on the same drawing
Start with the standard. If it is A179, the discussion is over: cold-drawn. If it is SA210 or SA213, the drawing or the order must pick one finish. If it is A106, write the finish because the scope will not pick it for you.
Then look at the finished part. A superheater coil that will be bent and welded can live with a hot-finished envelope. A condenser that must roll into a tubesheet wants A179. A hydraulic barrel wants DIN 2391 / EN 10305, not a scaled A106.
Price the full route. Cold drawing adds passes. Hot-finished may add pickling or extra machine stock. The 2 inch Sch 40 band of ₹80-98 per kg as of 24 May 2026 is a steel-mass budget, not a process winner.
At goods receipt, match the MTC finish word, the stencil, and the PO. A bundle tagged cold-finished against a hot-finished PO is a rejection note, even if the chemistry is perfect.
Where you'll meet this in procurement
You will meet Hot-finished in manufacturing notes, surface-finish call-outs, and precision-tube RFQs. Confirm that Hot-finished is required for the duty (tolerance, bore finish, or coating), and that the quote states the same process the inspector will verify on receipt.
Related terms
Related resources
- Product catalogue
- Hot-finished vs cold-drawn
- Seamless boiler tubes in Kanpur
- Seamless steel pipes in Kanpur
- ASME SA213 T11 / T22
- IS 1161 structural tubes
- Boiler tube price list
- Seamless pipe price list
- Steel pipes in Kanpur
- Kanpur steel market
- Sugar mill boiler tubes
- Request a quotation (RFQ)
- Back to full glossary
Key points
- Hot-finished seamless is pierced and sized hot. Site process copy places the mother-hollow pierce near 1200 °C.
- A213/A213M-25 allows hot finished or cold finished as specified; TP347HFG shall be cold finished. Heat treatment is separate from hot forming.
- SA179 is cold-drawn only. SA210 is marked hot-finished or cold-finished. A106 finish must be written because the public scope does not lock it.
- IS 1161:2014 routes include hot-finished welded and hot-finished seamless. IS 1239 water tube is a different standard.
- 2 inch Sch 40 is 5.44 kg/m from (60.3 − 3.91) × 3.91 × 0.02466. Hot-finished A106 from Kanpur still invoices GST 18% extra.
Frequently asked questions
Sources
- ASTM A213/A213M-25. Standard Specification for Seamless Ferritic and Austenitic Alloy-Steel Boiler, Superheater, and Heat-Exchanger Tubes (hot finished or cold finished as specified; TP347HFG cold finished) (ASTM International)
- ASTM A210/A210M-26. Standard Specification for Seamless Medium-Carbon Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes (marked hot-finished or cold-finished) (ASTM International)
- ASTM A179/A179M-24. Standard Specification for Seamless Cold-Drawn Low-Carbon Steel Heat Exchanger and Condenser Tubes (ASTM International)
- ASTM A106/A106M-26. Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service (NPS 1/8 to NPS 48) (ASTM International)
- PM/IS 1161. Product Manual for Steel Tubes for Structural Purposes according to IS 1161:2014 (HFW, HFS, CFS, ERW, HFIW routes) (Bureau of Indian Standards)
- Indian Boiler Regulations, 1950. Forms index: III-A steam pipes, III-B tubes, III-C boiler mountings and fittings (Central Boilers Board, Government of India)